Espionage in Scotland
Following the English victory at Agincourt, King Henry V sought to solidify English claims over Scotland. In this context, Hardyng was dispatched to Scotland on a mission that blended diplomacy with espionage. He was tasked with gathering evidence to assert English sovereignty over Scotland and to chart potential invasion routes. Hardyng spent approximately three and a half years in Scotland, collecting documents and mapping the terrain. Upon his return, he presented his findings to the English court, which, despite some skepticism regarding the authenticity of the documents, rewarded him with land and a pension.
The Chronicle of British History
Beyond his military and espionage activities, Hardyng is perhaps best known for his literary work, the Chronicle of British History. This extensive chronicle, written in verse, aimed to provide a comprehensive history of Britain from its legendary origins to the reign of King Henry VI. Hardyng's chronicle is notable for its attempt to reconcile English and Scottish histories, reflecting his experiences and interests during his espionage mission. The work also serves as a testament to his antiquarian knowledge and his desire to influence the political narratives of his time.
Legacy and Controversy
John Hardyng's legacy is a blend of commendable service and contentious actions. While his military and espionage efforts contributed to English interests, his methods, particularly the alleged forgery of documents during his Scottish mission, have been subjects of historical debate. Nevertheless, his literary contributions have provided valuable insights into the medieval period, offering perspectives on English and Scottish relations during a pivotal era in British history.
In conclusion, John Hardyng stands as a multifaceted figure whose life intertwined military service, espionage, and literary endeavor. His actions, both commendable and controversial, reflect the complexities of 15th-century England and its interactions with neighboring Scotland. Through his chronicles and maps, Hardyng has left an indelible mark on the historical record, ensuring his place in the annals of British history. shutdown123